A Quick and Complete Guide to Oxford Referencing

What is Referencing?

It is necessary to acknowledge other people’s work or ideas when writing; hence, the sources used in your work must be referenced. This is usually done via an in-text citation within the body of a text that refers to work or ideas by others. Also, a complete reference list is provided at the end of the written materials of works or ideas taken from others.

What is Oxford Referencing Style?

Oxford style is a referencing style that incorporates footnotes into texts to cite sources. It is also known as documentary note style and comprises of the Footnote Citation, and Reference list

Footnote

A superscript that connects to an item in the footnote is placed at a pause point in your work. At the bottom of the page, the superscript number is repeated with full details of the article, book, journal or manuscript.

Inserting Footnote in Microsoft Word

Go to the References on the menu tab

Select insert footnote

Shortcut to Add a Reference:

Instead of going through the long route to add a reference to your work, you can use the shortcut Ctrl + Alt + F. You need to press these three keys together for the shortcut to work.

For example:

Nearly a quarter of Americans have trouble making online purchases because they don’t have a bank account or credit card, and Shader was proposing an innovative solution to this problem.¹

¹A. Grant, Give and Take: A Revolutionary Approach to Success New York, Pengium Group, 2013, p. 12

In the footnote, the Author’s name appears in the following format: First initial. | Surname, E.g

1 Author: S. Henning,
2 Authors: S. Henning and J. Zabini,
3 Authors: S. Henning, B. Zaid, and J. Zabini,
+ 3 Authors: S. Henning et al.

REFERENCE LIST

It contains all the resources cited in between the written text, and it is sorted in numerical order. Located in in a separate page, and titled accordingly, it is arranged alphabetically A-Z by authors’ surname. begins with the citation number, followed by the name(s) of the author(s) (or title, in a case, whereby there is no author).

In the list, the Author’s name appears in the following format: Surname, First initial. E.g

1 Author: Henning, S.,
2 Authors: Henning, S. and Zabini, J.,
3 Authors: Henning, S., Zaid, B., and Zabini, J.,
+3 Authors: Henning, S. et al.,

Also, if an author has multiple publications, the reference list should be arranged based on the year of publication and title, if the year of publication is the same e.g.

[1] Henning, S. (2017). Data warehouse design. New York: McGraw-Hill

[2] Henning, S. (2019). Data warehouse design and Principles. New York: McGraw-Hill

[3] Henning, S. (2019). Enhanced Data warehouse design for Engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill

Sources:

BOOK

EBook, journal article, newspaper, etc accessed from the Library Search, or a Library Database cited using the same format as for a print book.
Use paragraph (para.) or section (sec.) numbers if there are no page numbers, as in the case of book gotten from a webpage

With Author (including organization as author):
- Footnote: Author(s), | Title, | Edition edn. (only if not 1st edition), | City, | Publisher, | Year, | page(s). S. Henning and J. Zabini, Data warehouse design. 2nd ed., New York, McGraw-Hill, 2012, p. 65.
- Reference: Author, | Title | Edition edn., (only if not 1st edition)| City, | Publisher, | Year. Henning, S. and Zabini, J., Data warehouse design. 2nd ed., New York, McGraw-Hill, 2012.
No Author:
- Footnote: Title, | Publisher, | Year, | page. Dictionary Plus History, Oxford University Press, 2016, p.1.
- Reference: Title, | Publisher, | Year. Dictionary Plus History, Oxford University Press, 2016.
Chapter from an Edited Book:
- Footnote: Author(s) | ‘Title of the chapter’, | in Author(s)/Editor(s) of the book, (ed.), | Book Title, | Edition (displayed when it is not first edition), | Place, | Publisher, | Year, | Page(s). A. Henning, ‘Statistical designs for survey research’, in G. H. Stempel III and B. H. Westley, (ed.), Research methods in mass communication, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 2015, p. 167.
- References: Author(s) | ‘Title of the chapter’, | in Author(s)/Editor(s) of the book, (ed.), | Book Title, | Edition (displayed when it is not first edition), | Place, | Publisher, | Year, | Pages. Henning, S., ‘Statistical designs for survey research’, in G. H. Stempel III & B. H. Westley, (ed.), Research methods in mass communication, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 2015, p. 160-200
Book on a webpage:
- Footnote: Author(s), | Title, | Website name, | particular information? | Year posted, | URL, | (accessed day month year). G. Orwell, 1984, George-orwell.org, 2005, part 2, ch. 9, para. 4, http://www.george-orwell.org/1984, (accessed 3 September 2018)
- References: Author(s), | Title, | Website name, | Year posted, | URL, | (accessed day month year). Orwell, G.,1984, Georgeorwell.org, 2005, http://www.georgeorwell.org/1984, (accessed 3 September 2018)
Citing work cited by another author:
- Footnote: Author(s), | Title, | Edition, | City, | Publisher, | Year, | cited in Author(s), | Title, | Edition | City, | Publisher, | Year, | page(s). R. Ago, Gusto for Things, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 2013, cited in D. Biow, On the Importance of Being an Individual in Renaissance Italy, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015, p. 214.
- Reference (only the book you read): Author, | Title | Edition | City, | Publisher, | Year. Biow, D., On the Importance of Being an Individual in Renaissance Italy, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Print (not online):
- Reference: Author(s) | ‘Title of article’, | Title of Journal, | Volume (issue details), | Year, Pages. Henning, S., ‘ESP 8266: a breakthrough in wireless sensor networks and internet of things’, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology, vol. 6, no. 8, 2012, pp.07-11.
Online website or database:
- Reference: Author(s), | ’Title of article’, | Title of Journal, | Volume (issue details), | Year, | Pages, | URL (accessed day month year). Giovagnorio, F., 'Dedications for the Hero Ptoios in Akraiphia, Boeotia', Rosetta, no. 22, 2018, pp. 18-39, http://www.rosetta.bham.ac.uk, (accessed 18 September 2018).

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Print (not online):
- References: Author(s), | ‘Title of paper or proceedings’, | In: Title or Conference name, | Place, Publisher, | Year, | Page(s): Henning, S., Henry B. and Zabini, J., ‘The Importance of Data Warehousing Tools’, In: International Data Warehouse Conference, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2019, pp. 67-70.
Online:
- References: Author(s), | ‘Title of paper or proceedings’, | In: Title or Conference name [online] | Place, | Publisher, | Year, | Page(s), | URL | (accessed day month year). Henning, S., Henry B. and Zabini, J., ‘The Importance of Data Warehouse’, In: International Data Warehouse Conference [online], London, McGraw-Hill, 2018, pp. 67-70, https://academicianhelp.co.uk/Free-Resources/secured-online-portal-for-file-storage (accessed 8 October 2019).

DISSERTATION/ THESES

References: Author(s), | Title of Dissertation, | Type of dissertation | City | Name of Institution, University or College, | Year. Zabini, J., Opensource Integration of Learning Tools, PhD. Dissertation, Oxford, University of Oxford, 2019.

MAGAZINE/ NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Print (not taken online):
- References: Author(s) | ‘Title of article’ | Magazine/ Newspaper Name, | day month year, | page(s). Henning, S.., ‘How to improve academic standards’, The Guardian, 30 March 2019, p.1.
Online website or database:
- References: Author(s) | ‘Title of article’ | Magazine/ Newspaper Name, | day month year, | page(s), URL, (accessed day month year). Henning, S., ‘How to improve academic standards’, The Guardian, 12 May 2013, p.1-2, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news (accessed 8 Oct. 2019).

WEBSITE

Website:
- References: Author(s) | Title of article [website] | URL, (accessed day month year). Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Indigenous Community Stories [website], http://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/indigenous-communitystories, (accessed 12 September 2018)
Blog:
- References: Author(s) | ‘Title of article’ [web blog], | Name of the blog, | URL, (accessed day month year). Livius, 'Galle Chandelier restored sans goldfish', The History Blog [web blog], 22 April 2019, http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/category/museums (accessed 2 May 2019).

PATENTS

Author(s), | Description or Patent Title, | Patent Number, | Year. Richard, D., Adhesive Tapes. 1,760,820, 1930.

PRESENTATIONS AND LECTURES

Author(s), | Title of Presentation, | Year. Henning, S. How to improve academic standards, 2019.

ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE

Author(s), | ‘Title of Article’, | In: Title of Encyclopedia, | Edition, | Place, | Publisher, | Year, | Page(s). Henning, S., ‘The Plant Kingdom’ In: Internation Plant Encyclopedia, 5th ed., London, McGraw-Hill, 2018, pp. 67-70.

EMAILS

Author(s), Email Subject [email], Year. Henning, S., What is Academic Writing? [email], 2019

ARTWORK

These are Artwork collections at museums or gallery

Author(s) | Title of art. [medium], | Place, | Museum/Gallery, | Year. Henning, S., Leanardo Da Vinci [Paint Mural], London, London Museum, 2018. Or Henning, S., Leanardo Da Vinci [Oil on Canvas], London, London Library, 2019.

PRESS RELEASES

Not online: Corporate Author, | Title of Release, | Year. AcademicianHelp Solutions, How to improve your grades, 2019.
Online Press Releases: Corporate Author, | Title of Release, | Year, URL (accessed day month year). AcademicianHelp Solutions, How to improve your grades, 2019, https://www.academicianhelp.com/blog (accessed 8 October 2019).

TV OR RADIO BROADCAST

Title of program/series [program type], | Channel: Broadcaster, | Year. EastEnders [TV programme], 101: Sky, 2019. OR Voice of Britain, [Radio programme] 1: Sky Radio, 2019.

FILM, DVD AND VIDEO, PODCAST AND IMAGES

Not online: Title of Film, DVD or Video, | [format], |Place of Origin, | Film, DVD or Video Maker, | Year. Titanic, [film] California: James Cameron, 1997. OR Titanic, [DVD] California: James Cameron, 1997.
Videos or Images that are online: Author(s), | Description or Title of Video or Image [format], | Year, URL | (accessed day month year). Dion, C., My Heart Will Go On [video], 1997, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhfhNzbGtAs [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019]. OR Dion, C., My Heart Will Go On Cover Picture [image], 1997, https://www.unsplash.com/myheartwillgoon (accessed 8 October 2019).
Podcast: Author(s), | ‘Title of Podcast Episode’ [podcast], | Podcast Title, | Year, | URL [accessed day month year). Cruzeiro, N., #RonaldoCast Episode 2 [podcast], #RonaldoCast, 2018 https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/ronaldocast/id948484 (accessed 14 October 2019).

RECORDINGS AND MUSIC

Not online: Author(s), Title of Recording [medium] | Place, | Music Label, | Year. Dion, C., My heart will go on [CD], California, Motion Picture Music, 1997.
Online: Author(s), | Title of Recording [online], | Place: Music Label, | Year, | URL (accessed day month year). Dion, C., My heart will go on [online], California, Motion Picture Music, 1997. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhfhNzbGtAs (accessed 8 October 2019].

INTERVIEW

Interviewer's name and Interviewee's name, | Description or Interview Title, | Year. James, S. and Ronaldo, The Rise of Christiano Ronaldo, 2019.

LEGAL DOCUMENTS

There is no full stop after the citation

Court Case: parties | (year) | volume | report | first page - Man v Woman (2000) 34 All ER 45
Acts: Short Title | Year – Conspiracy Act 1980

SOFTWARE

Software Name or Title, | Place, | Publisher, | Year. Sudoku Puzzle, London, AcademicianHelp Publication, 2019.

DICTIONARY ENTRY

Print Dictionary (not online): Author(s), ‘Entry title’, In: Title of Dictionary, Edition, Place, Publisher, Year, Page(s). Henning, S., ‘Erotic’, In: Oxford Dictionary, 105th ed., London, Oxford, 2019, p. 69.
Online website or database: Author(s), | ‘Entry title’ | In: Title of Dictionary, | Edition, | Place, | Publisher, | Year, | Page(s), URL (accessed day month year). Henning, S., ‘Erotic’ In: Oxford Dictionary, 105th ed., London, Oxford, 2019, p. 69, https://oxforddictionary.com/new/rhotic (accessed 8 Oct. 2019).